Development of accident prediction model by using artificial neural network (ANN)

Statistical or crash prediction model have frequently been used in highway safety studies. They can be used in identify major contributing factors or establish relationship between crashes and explanatory accident variables. The measurements to prevent accident are from the speed reduction, widening the roads, speed enforcement, or construct the road divider, or other else. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an accident prediction model at federal road FT 050 Batu Pahat to Kluang. The study process involves the identification of accident blackspot locations, establishment of general patterns of accident, analysis of the factors involved, site studies, and development of accident prediction model using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) applied software which named NeuroShell2. The significant of the variables that are selected from these accident factors are checked to ensure the developed model can give a good prediction results. The performance of neural network is evaluated by using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The study result showed that the best neural network for accident prediction model at federal road FT 050 is 4-10-1 with 0.1 learning rate and 0.2 momentum rate. This network model contains the lowest value of MAPE and highest value of linear correlation, r which is 0.8986. This study has established the accident point weightage as the rank of the blackspot section by kilometer along the FT 050 road (km 1 – km 103). Several main accident factors also have been determined along this road, and after all the data gained, it has successfully analyzed by using artificial neural network

Potential of Utilizing Solid Waste Generated in UNIMAS West Campus

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the solid waste generation and compositions that are generated from UNIMAS West Campus area and also to calculate potential energy and profit that can be harvested from the solid waste. This study was conducted at UNIMAS west campus where the samples of solid waste were collected from different types of source of generation namely residential colleges, faculties, Centre Teaching Facilities (CTF) and cafeteria. The solid wastes collected are weighed, mixed, quartered and the compositions of the samples are determined. From the analysis, the solid waste generation rate is 499 kg per day and the major composition of solid waste produced from this study area is food waste with the value of 54% followed by plastic bottle with 9%, mixed plastic with 8%, mixed paper with 7%, box and polystyrene are with 5% and the less percentage of solid waste composition is aluminium with 4%. For the total estimation potential energy that generated by UNIMAS West Campus is about 12819.9 kJ/kg per day and the profit can be achieved when the solid wastes are recycles is about RM 126.43 per day. The analysis shows that solid waste generated in UNIMAS West Campus has a good potential in recycling and give more benefit to UNIMAS. With the data of the solid waste generated in this study area, proper management strategies can be planned by top management of UNIMAS and put it into action in the future. In long term, it will make UNIMAS a green campus which eventually reduces the amount of solid waste generation. Introduction Nowadays, the contributing factors towards the increasing Municipal Solid Waste Generation in Malaysia are almost similar to other developing countries. The amount of solid waste generation has been increased corresponding to the several factors such as rapid population growth, urbanization, income level and economic development. Those factors would accelerate the future of solid waste generation in developing countrie

Ergonomic study on human-powered vehicles

In this paper, new methods for ergonomic analysis of cyclist for 4-wheel recumbent seat human-powered vehicle (HPV) are performed. An ergonomic index with fundamental formulation is developed in order to determine the level of comfortness during handling of the HPV. Basic reference of sitting postures are produced from three HPVs for 20 different individuals. All the dimensions, angles and measurements are recorded. The same individuals are required to sit on the three HPV models to evaluate their comfortness and ergonomic by observing the same dimensions, angles and measurements of leg and hand postures. The data is compared with reference comfort sitting ergonomic. This study is limited to a number of individuals which are the students of a university in Malaysia with age range from 20 to 24 years old. However, the ergonomic index can be expanded for Asian people and with some improvement in the parameters, it can be used for other countries. Derivation of ergonomic index and formulation in determining the comfort level and ergonomic of HPV. Using the ergonomic index, a new improved HPV can be developed. The index is also applicable with modification on several parameters in the formulation for other countries

Ergonomic study on human-powered vehicles

In this paper, new methods for ergonomic analysis of cyclist for 4-wheel recumbent seat human-powered vehicle (HPV) are performed. An ergonomic index with fundamental formulation is developed in order to determine the level of comfortness during handling of the HPV. Basic reference of sitting postures are produced from three HPVs for 20 different individuals. All the dimensions, angles and measurements are recorded. The same individuals are required to sit on the three HPV models to evaluate their comfortness and ergonomic by observing the same dimensions, angles and measurements of leg and hand postures. The data is compared with reference comfort sitting ergonomic. This study is limited to a number of individuals which are the students of a university in Malaysia with age range from 20 to 24 years old. However, the ergonomic index can be expanded for Asian people and with some improvement in the parameters, it can be used for other countries. Derivation of ergonomic index and formulation in determining the comfort level and ergonomic of HPV. Using the ergonomic index, a new improved HPV can be developed. The index is also applicable with modification on several parameters in the formulation for other countries

Graphene-based nanoarchitecture as a potent cushioning/filler in polymer composites and their applications

Graphene is a promising candidate for use as a cushioning/filler material in composites due to its extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. When added to composite materials, graphene can improve the composite's overall strength, durability, and impact resistance. One of the primary benefits of using graphene as a cushioning/filler material in composite materials is its high strength-to-weight ratio. Graphene is one of the most robust materials known to man, and when added to composite materials, it can significantly increase their strength without adding much weight. Another benefit is its high thermal conductivity. Graphene can dissipate heat quickly and efficiently, which can be advantageous in applications where thermal management is critical, such as electronics and aerospace. The addition of graphene can reduce the amount of energy transferred during impact, reducing the risk of damage or failure of the composite material. In addition to its thermal and mechanical properties, graphene is highly chemically resistant, making it ideal for use in harsh environments. It is also relatively inexpensive compared to other high-performance materials, making it an attractive option for large-scale industrial applications. Overall, graphene has the potential to revolutionize the use of composite materials by providing a high-strength, lightweight, and thermally conductive cushioning/filler material that can improve the durability and performance of composite materials in a diverse range of applications. Various application in diverse field has been elaborated in this review work